The Rise of AI-Powered Manufacturing: From In-Line Computer Vision and Acoustic Telemetry to Closed-Loop Autonomous Plants
Executive Summary
For nearly half a century, the core paradigm of industrial automation remained fundamentally deterministic. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), robotic arms…

Across the enterprise software landscape, few Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies have suffered from as wide an expectation gap as the digital twin. This engineering guide demystifies industrial digital twins, moving beyond 3D CAD marketing hype to real-time telemetry pipelines, MQTT Sparkplug B, OPC UA PubSub over TSN, degradation physics models, and closed-loop control.